Inflammation and Immune Health
NAD+ depletion has been linked to "inflammaging," a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation that contributes to age-related diseases.
Immune Cell Function
Immune cells need NAD+ for energy; protecting the body from infection and clearing wounds and pathogens requires robust metabolic activity. When NAD⁺ levels are sufficient, immune cells can do their jobs effectively, and then quickly reduce inflammation. If NAD⁺ levels are low, immune activation is not resolved efficiently, which can lead to overactive inflammation. When this response happens during aging (so-called "inflammaging"), it contributes to worse outcomes and chronic disease.
Inflammatory Signaling
NAD+ is an energy carrier, but it also functions as a signaling hub that immune cells how to function. Some studies have shown that NAD+ precursors can help "reprogram" these cells, shifting them from a pro-inflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory one.
DNA Repair
NAD+ powers proteins that are essential for DNA repair. Immune cells, which are constantly under stress from pathogens and other threats, need robust DNA repair mechanisms to stay healthy. Dysfunctional DNA repair can contribute to cellular stress and additional inflammation. By supporting these processes, NAD+ precursors support immune system function.